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Portale dedicato al Convitto - Casa dello Studente "Michele Di Sangro" San Severo FG - Giornata Studio: Serracapriola

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Giornata Studio: Serracapriola
- Ambiente e Territorio - 11 visite
estratto da un articolo di A. Ferrero su "Il Mosaico"



"Serracapriola , che può essere considerato il primo o l’ultimo paese della Puglia, a seconda che vi si giunga da nord o da sud, è adagiata su una collina coperta da olivi, su di un territorio, vasto e variegato, delimitato ad ovest dal torrente Saccione e ad est dal fiume Fortore, che ne disegna la linea di confine fino al mare, distante solo una decina di chilometri.

Pur essendo il paese a soli 270 m. di altitudine, il panorama che si offre agli occhi dell'osservatore è ampissimo: montagne (il Gargano, la Maiella, il Gran Sasso e il Subappennino dauno-molisano), fiumi (il Fortore e il Biferno), laghi (di Lesina e di Varano), mare (da Termoli alle Isole Tremiti), campagne di ogni colore e distese pianeggianti.

La denominazione del paese risiede in una tradizione che è a metà strada tra storia e leggenda. Inizialmente, infatti, si chiamava semplicemente "Serra", poi, un prodigio intervenne a mutarne il toponimo: durante una battuta di caccia il Conte, signorotto del luogo, inseguendo un capriolo finì in una piccola grotta illuminata dall’immagine della Madonna. Il capriolo era in adorazione dell’immagine sacra. Impressionato, il Conte fece costruire nel posto una chiesetta che chiamò “ Santa Maria in Sylvis” e l’abitato mutò il nome da Serra in Serra-Capriola. Il primo documento storico che sancisce la donazione di Serracapriola è del 1038, anno in cui l'imperatore Corrado la cedette alla Badia di S. Sofia in Benevento. Succesivamente appartenne a diversi feudatari: gli Sforza, i Guevara, i D’Avalos, e i Maresca, che nel 1742, entrarono in possesso del feudo e che a tutt’oggi sono ancora detentori di una notevole proprietà fondiaria.

Il centro storico del paese ha la caratteristica configurazione “a cono”, tipica di centri medievali, con le case racchiuse nelle mura inframmezzate da torri ed aperte da porte fortificate, di cui due ancora funzionanti.

Le strade sono tutte pavimentate con pietra lavica o della vicina Apricena. Imponente è inoltre il Castello, massiccia costruzione medievale, con due torri cilindriche ed una a pianta ottagonale, nel quale passarono i vari feudatari. Da menzionare il Convento dei Padri Cappuccini che risale al 1536, fatto costruire dalla principessa Andronica Del Balzo. Vi soggiornarono frati quali Padre Matteo da Agnone, che vi morì in odore di santità nel 1616, e Padre Pio da Petrelcina che qui studiò teologia. La piccola cella del Frate è stata trasformata in cappella nel 1976.

L'agricoltura a Serracapriola è da sempre la più importante risorsa dell'economia. Il suo vasto territorio è coltivato prevalentemente a grano e cereali in genere, che vengono avvicendati a colture intensive di barbabietole da zucchero e pomodori. La fertilità dei terreni, che sono ben ventilati, permette una produzione cerealicola di ottima qualità, che trova nel grano duro “l’articolo” più apprezzato sul mercato. Buona anche la produzione di olio, che per qualità e metodi di lavorazione (dalla raccolta a mano alla spremitura, che nella maggior parte dei casi avviene "a freddo" ) può davvero essere considerato un prodotto artigianale. Alcune aziende agricole, infatti, producono olio d'affioramento di ottima qualità e un olio biologico apprezzato in tutta la provincia. La coltivazione della vite, invece, pur avendo da queste parti antichissime tradizioni, non costituisce un'attività molto redditizia. Lo stesso discorso vale anche per i prodotti ortofrutticoli, nonostante le terre serrane siano ricche di acque sorgive, attive la gran parte dell'anno. Tra le altre attività di rilievo, infine, meritano una nota la produzione di pasta fresca e l'ottima manifattura dell'artigianato locale, che in alcuni casi, come per la lavorazione della creta e il restauro di mobili, adotta tecniche antichissime, degne della più autentica tradizione serrana.




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